Constantinian Frieze (South and West Sides: Departure from Milan, Siege of Verona, Battle of the Milvian Bridge) Self-researched

The horizontal frieze running below the Hadrianic roundels is the primary Constantinian-era sculptural contribution, depicting scenes from Constantine's Italian campaign against Maxentius. On the west side, the army departs from Milan (Mediolanum). On the south side, the narrative continues with the siege of Verona and culminates in the Battle of the Milvian Bridge, showing Constantine's soldiers on the bridge while Maxentius' troops drown in the Tiber. The style marks a dramatic departure from the classicizing spolia above — figures are stocky with large heads, arranged in rigid frontal rows with minimal spatial depth, reflecting the late antique shift toward hieratic, symbolic representation.